{"id":73,"date":"2008-08-07T19:52:36","date_gmt":"2008-08-07T17:52:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cultureduca.com\/blog\/?p=73"},"modified":"2008-11-05T03:19:50","modified_gmt":"2008-11-05T01:19:50","slug":"literatura-gallega-eduardo-pondal-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/literatura-gallega-eduardo-pondal-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Literatura gallega: Eduardo Pondal (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

<– Viene de la 1\u00aa parte\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Contin\u00faa en la 3\u00aa parte –><\/font><\/p>\n

Vida y obra<\/u><\/font><\/p>\n

Pondal naci\u00f3 en Ponteceso en febrero de 1835, en el seno de una familia burguesa acomodada. Inici\u00f3 su formaci\u00f3n en la rectoral de Nemi\u00f1a, que m\u00e1s tarde recordar\u00e1 en el poema O dolmen de Dombate<\/em>. En 1848 va a estudiar a Santiago el Bachillerato, y m\u00e1s tarde estudiar\u00e1 Medicina, licenci\u00e1ndose en 1860.<\/font><\/p>\n

Cuando el poeta lleg\u00f3 a Santiago comienza en aquellos a\u00f1os el resurgimiento cultural y pol\u00edtico gallego. Dos a\u00f1os antes de su llegada hab\u00eda tenido lugar la revoluci\u00f3n de 1846, que concluir\u00eda de forma tr\u00e1gica.<\/font><\/p>\n

Pondal comienza a componer poemas muy temprano, y durante su estancia en Compostela ir\u00e1 cobrando fama como poeta, participando en el Banquete de Conxo, acto progresista de confraternizaci\u00f3n entre estudiantes y obreros en que dar\u00e1 lectura a un poema durante el brindis, compartiendo este acto con otro poeta joven, Aurelio Aguirre.<\/font><\/p>\n

Licenciado en Medicina, Pondal trabaja como m\u00e9dico de la Armada en Ferrol, y m\u00e1s tarde oposita al cuerpo m\u00e9dico de Sanidad Militar. Desagradd\u00e1ndole la vida de la milicia, decide dejar pronto esta actividad.<\/font><\/p>\n

Entregado a la creaci\u00f3n po\u00e9tica, el resto de su vida transcurrir\u00e1 entre Ponteceso, Santiago y A Coru\u00f1a, desarrollando una importante actividad cultural, centrada de manera significativa en la tertulia de la Cova C\u00e9ltica<\/em> de Coru\u00f1a, y en la relaci\u00f3n con escritores y personas del mundo de la cultura gallega y for\u00e1nea.<\/font><\/p>\n

Pondal muere en A Coru\u00f1a en 1917 y su entierro, como el de Curros Enr\u00edquez, se convierte en una muestra de fervor popular.<\/font><\/p>\n

Pondal public\u00f3 las obras A Campana de Anll\u00f3ns<\/em> (1858), Rumores de los pinos<\/em>, con poemas en gallego y castellano (1877), Queixumes dos pinos<\/em> (1886), O Dolmen de Dombate (1895). Public\u00f3 tambi\u00e9n numerosos poemas en la prensa peri\u00f3dica, o peque\u00f1as colecciones, como A fada dos montes<\/em> (1872) o Grandeiras<\/em> (1884). A lo largo de la mayor parte de su vida trabaj\u00f3 en la composici\u00f3n de la epopeya Os Eoas<\/em>, obra extensa e inconclusa, que inspirado en poemas \u00e9picos como Os Lusiadas<\/em> (siglo XVI) del poeta portugu\u00e9s Lu\u00eds de Camoes, o Xerusal\u00e9n liberada<\/em> del italiano Torquato Tasso, pretende narrar el descubrimiento de Am\u00e9rica.<\/font><\/p>\n

A Campana de Anll\u00f3ns<\/font><\/p>\n

Publicado en 1858 y despu\u00e9s en el \u00c1lbum de la Caridad<\/em> en 1862, el poema aparecer\u00e1 despu\u00e9s formando parte de Queixumes dos pinos<\/em>.<\/font><\/p>\n

En este poema figuran algunos de los temas y motivos caracter\u00edsticos de la poes\u00eda posterior de Pondal: el sue\u00f1o, la melancol\u00eda, el sentimiento del tiempo pasado, la interpretaci\u00f3n trascendental e idealista del paisaje, etc.<\/font><\/p>\n

Tambi\u00e9n la m\u00fasica, que aparecer\u00e1 de forma constante en toda la obra de Pondal, de diferentes maneras: el viento sonando en los pinos, los bardos tocando las arpas, las hadas cantando cosas de otros tiempos, las aves, etc. El sonido de las badajadas de la campana de Anll\u00f3ns convoca el tiempo pasado y llena de melancol\u00eda y dolor el esp\u00edrito del protagonista, un joven de aldea preso en el calabozo de Or\u00e1n.<\/font><\/p>\n

Queixumes dos pinos<\/font>\u00a0<\/p>\n

Carvalho Calero tiene se\u00f1alado que Queixumes dos pinos<\/em> representa, frente a los Rumores de los pinos<\/em>, la voluntad de Pondal de ser poeta en gallego. Pr\u00f3ximo a esta misma opini\u00f3n, Manuel Forcadela afirma sinificar esa obra la consciencia de la propia voz y el empe\u00f1o en construir un mundo po\u00e9tico que revela ampliamente su deseo de renovaci\u00f3n.<\/font><\/p>\n

Publicado en 1886, la est\u00e9tica de Queixumes dos pinos<\/em> est\u00e1 relacionada estrechamente con el movimiento simbolista, iniciado cara a 1875 con la aparici\u00f3n de Une Saison en Enfer<\/em>, de A. Rimbaud, o L’Apr\u00e8s midi d’un faune<\/em> de S. Mallarm\u00e9.<\/font><\/p>\n

Queixumes dos pinos,<\/em> escrito enteramente en gallego, si exceptuamos dos poemas biling\u00fces, expresa el esfuerzo creador de su autor por dotar a las letras gallegas de una lengua literaria de alto valor est\u00e9tico.<\/font><\/p>\n

a) Estructura<\/font><\/p>\n

El libro comienza con el canto de un berganti\u00f1\u00e1n, mientras recuerda la servidumbre de la patria:<\/font><\/p>\n

Polo baixo cantando
\no boo berganti\u00f1\u00e1n,
\ncoa aguillada \u00f3 lombo
\ne garboso adem\u00e1n,<\/font><\/p>\n

—————–<\/p>\n

<\/font>Por cousas que n’esplica
\ndun fondo e vago af\u00e1n,
\nmil escuras suidades
\nceibando \u00f3s ecos vai
\ne da patria a punxente servidume
\nparce recordar….<\/font><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Y termina tambi\u00e9n con el canto del mismo personaje sobre el mismo tema. As\u00ed pues, la obra de Pondal ofrece una estructura cerrada, de forma semejante a Cantares Gallegos<\/em> de Rosal\u00eda de Castro. Los poemas de Queixumes dos pinos<\/em> no llevan t\u00edtulo, lo que le da al libro un car\u00e1cter de texto \u00fanico, que parece acorde con la condici\u00f3n de canto, presente en el poema inicial.<\/font><\/p>\n

b) Temas<\/font><\/p>\n

La obra po\u00e9tica de Pondal se caraceriza, entre otros aspectos, por la originalidad est\u00e9tica y la innovaci\u00f3n tem\u00e1tica. Interrelacionados con la estructura de los poemas, destacan los temas: el bardismo, la conciencia de pueblo, la defensa del idioma, la melancol\u00eda y la invocaci\u00f3n del paisaje.<\/font><\/p>\n

<– Viene de la 1\u00aa parte\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Contin\u00faa en la 3\u00aa parte –><\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

<– Viene de la 1\u00aa parte\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Contin\u00faa en la 3\u00aa parte –> Vida y obra Pondal naci\u00f3 en Ponteceso en febrero de 1835, en el seno de una familia burguesa acomodada. Inici\u00f3 su formaci\u00f3n en la rectoral de Nemi\u00f1a, que m\u00e1s tarde recordar\u00e1 en el poema O dolmen de Dombate.\u2026<\/p>\n

Seguir leyendo…<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":75,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"twitter_226634691_226634691":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[1016,1012,1013,1009,1121,1100,1060,1145,1043,1065,1027,1154,1156,1025,1085],"class_list":["post-73","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-literatura","tag-arte","tag-ave","tag-ciencia","tag-cultura","tag-cultural","tag-gallego","tag-lengua","tag-libro","tag-literatura-2","tag-medicina","tag-militar","tag-poema","tag-poemas","tag-rosa","tag-rosal"],"yoast_head":"\nLiteratura gallega: Eduardo Pondal (2) - Blog Cultureduca educativa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Literatura gallega: Eduardo Pondal (2) - 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