{"id":71,"date":"2008-08-07T02:16:49","date_gmt":"2008-08-07T00:16:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cultureduca.com\/blog\/?p=71"},"modified":"2015-05-30T14:05:50","modified_gmt":"2015-05-30T12:05:50","slug":"literatura-gallega-la-vida-y-obra-de-rosalia-de-castro-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/literatura-gallega-la-vida-y-obra-de-rosalia-de-castro-5\/","title":{"rendered":"Literatura gallega: La vida y obra de Rosal\u00eda de Castro (5)"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\u2013 Viene de la 4\u00aa parte<\/span><\/p>\n

Para comprender la obra de Rosal\u00eda…<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Emigraci\u00f3n y propiedad de la tierra<\/span><\/p>\n

Sin duda, para comprender la obra de Rosal\u00eda en toda su dimensi\u00f3n sociol\u00f3gica, resulta necesario tener en cuenta dos caracter\u00edsticas de la realidad socio-econ\u00f3mica de Galicia del siglo XIX:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Poblaci\u00f3n mayoritariamente rural. El 80% viv\u00eda de la agricultura, pero trabajando tierras que no eran propias, sino arrendadas en virtud del sistema foral que afectaba a tres cuartas partes de los campesinos. El pago de esta renta foral supon\u00eda que una gran parte de la producci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola iba a parar a manos de propietarios que no trabajaban las tierras: clero e hidalgu\u00eda. En a\u00f1os de malas cosechas se originaban situaciones insostenibles de hambre y miseria.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. La miseria, la necesidad de reunir dinero para pagar los arriendos, junto con una pol\u00edtica claramente potenciadora de la emigraci\u00f3n por parte de la Administraci\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola a partir de 1853, provoca en Galicia un aut\u00e9ntico desastre demogr\u00e1fico: De 1860 a 1910, medio mill\u00f3n de gallegos emigran a Am\u00e9rica, en muchos casos a sustituir la mano de obra negra en Cuba tras la abolici\u00f3n de la esclavitud. En el siglo XVIII la poblaci\u00f3n gallega representaba el 14% de la poblaci\u00f3n del conjunto del Estado espa\u00f1ol. En el siglo XX ese porcentaje estaba reducido a menos de un 8%.<\/span><\/p>\n

Los grandes beneficiarios de este \u00e9xodo fueron las entidades bancarias que recib\u00edan el dinero de los emigrantes, las compa\u00f1\u00edas mar\u00edtimas que organizaban los viajes, y el Estado espa\u00f1ol que invert\u00eda en otras zonas las cargas impositivas derivadas de los ingresos de los emigrantes gallegos.<\/span><\/p>\n

El mito Rosal\u00eda<\/span><\/p>\n

Ya muerta Rosal\u00eda, y con el transcurso de los a\u00f1os, su figura se fue trastocando en un mito que tergivers\u00f3 el sentido de su obra y de su personalidad. Esta manipulaci\u00f3n se debe a la dificultad que para sectores individuadles, mismo del galeguismo cat\u00f3lico, supon\u00eda asimilar ciertas ideas de Follas novas<\/em>, m\u00e1ximo estando \u00e9stas escritas por una mujer. De ah\u00ed provienen los apelativos \u00abnai chorosa\u00bb [\u00abmadre llorosa\u00bb], \u00abbeata alde\u00e1\u00bb [\u00abbeata aldeana\u00bb], \u00absanti\u00f1a\u00bb [\u00absantita\u00bb]… con los que se tienen denominada a Rosal\u00eda, cambiando sustancialmente su mensaje y su car\u00e1cter fuerte. Curiosamente nada de esto sucedi\u00f3 en vida de la autora, cuando ella tuvo que soportar duros ataques e incomprensiones por el car\u00e1cter y contenido de alguna obra.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sirvan como contraste a estas interpretaciones dos textos: de Murgu\u00eda el primero, y de la propia Rosal\u00eda el segundo:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abSe houbo alguen que nos momentos de desgracia se ergueu altivo como un heroe que antes de caer vencido intenta levantarse e loitar ainda, era ela. No seu sangue circulaba, nas s\u00faas carnes latexaba algo de ind\u00f3mito e superior\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\u00abSi hubo alguien que en los momentos de desgracia se alz\u00f3 altivo como un h\u00e9roe que antes de caer vencido intenta levantarse y luchar todav\u00eda, era ella. En su sangre circulaba, en sus carnes lat\u00eda algo de ind\u00f3mito y superior\u00bb.]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abEu, pola mi\u00f1a banda, engadirei que son vella para recibir lecci\u00f3ns de ning\u00fan mestre de escola, e, polo anto, que me ate\u00f1o ao que a mi\u00f1a decencia me dicta, que nisto \u00e9 o mellor xu\u00edz que puiden achar…\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n

[\u00abYo, por mi parte, a\u00f1adir\u00e9 que soy mayor para recibir lecciones de ning\u00fan maestro de escuela, y, por lo tanto, me atengo a lo que mi decencia me dicta, que en esto es el mejor juez que pude hallar…\u00bb]<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\u2013 Viene de la 4\u00aa parte<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

<\u2013 Viene de la 4\u00aa parte Para comprender la obra de Rosal\u00eda… Emigraci\u00f3n y propiedad de la tierra Sin duda, para comprender la obra de Rosal\u00eda en toda su dimensi\u00f3n sociol\u00f3gica, resulta necesario tener en cuenta dos caracter\u00edsticas de la realidad socio-econ\u00f3mica de Galicia del siglo XIX: 1. Poblaci\u00f3n mayoritariamente\u2026<\/p>\n

Seguir leyendo…<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":75,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"twitter_226634691_226634691":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[1055,1016,1009,1053,1100,1043,1079,1025,1085,1150],"class_list":["post-71","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-literatura","tag-agricultura","tag-arte","tag-cultura","tag-dinero","tag-gallego","tag-literatura-2","tag-mito","tag-rosa","tag-rosal","tag-textos"],"yoast_head":"\nLiteratura gallega: La vida y obra de Rosal\u00eda de Castro (5) - Blog Cultureduca educativa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Literatura gallega: La vida y obra de Rosal\u00eda de Castro (5) - Blog Cultureduca educativa -\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/literatura-gallega-la-vida-y-obra-de-rosalia-de-castro-5\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Literatura gallega: La vida y obra de Rosal\u00eda de Castro (5) - 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Poblaci\u00f3n mayoritariamente\u2026 Seguir leyendo...","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/75"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}