{"id":4413,"date":"2023-07-09T03:00:34","date_gmt":"2023-07-09T01:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cultureduca.com\/blog\/?p=4413"},"modified":"2024-12-18T15:23:23","modified_gmt":"2024-12-18T13:23:23","slug":"descubriendo-rumania-transilvania","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/descubriendo-rumania-transilvania\/","title":{"rendered":"DESCUBRIENDO RUMANIA: TRANSILVANIA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nuestro paseo de hoy lo haremos por la regi\u00f3n de Transilvania que tantas leyendas nos la recuerda. Est\u00e1 rodeada por los C\u00e1rpatos, monta\u00f1as que se formaron en la era terciaria, per\u00edodo neozoico y all\u00ed tenemos la mayor zona volc\u00e1nica de toda Europa.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"DESCUBRIENDO<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Transilvania = Terra Ultrasilvana o La tierra detr\u00e1s de los bosques, es la zona  donde se inicia la historia del Estado de los Dacios que instaur\u00f3 el rey Burebista; pasa por ser el per\u00edodo m\u00e1s pr\u00f3spero y exitoso en tiempos de los geto-dacios que alcanzaron un alto grado organizativo y expandieron sus territorios; posteriormente dar\u00edan lugar al moderno estado rumano; su clima es suave, aunque la altitud r\u00e1pidamente modifica la sensaci\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica y en invierno el paisaje nevado es algo consustancial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Con el paso del tiempo la regi\u00f3n atraer\u00eda a h\u00fangaros, alemanes, szeklers [un pueblo de origen magiar que lleg\u00f3 al norte de Transilvania con Ladisla I, su funci\u00f3n era la de guardar las fronteras; seg\u00fan la leyenda de Dr\u00e1cula \u201cEran unos individuos conquistadores y altivos que contuvieron a \u00e1varos, lombardos o turcos: nunca lograron sus prop\u00f3sito de reducirlos], sajones, armenios, jud\u00edos\u2026 y, evidentemente, todos dejaron su huella e imprimieron car\u00e1cter. Hoy su forma de vida y su arquitectura es visible en la zona cuyos edificios ofrecen esa mezcolanza de or\u00edgenes culturales y civilizaciones en esta zona del centro del pa\u00eds. All\u00ed abundan los bosques de con\u00edferas; los suelos son ricos para la agricultura y hay recursos salinos y gas\u00edsticos; est\u00e1 considerada la cuna de la lengua rumana (sobre todo en la parte oriental) que qued\u00f3 latinizada gracias a la influencia occidental y, entre otros, al hispano Trajano. Transilvania, en fin, es una tierra de compleja historia que, en determinados momentos, nos puede parecer salvaje y misteriosa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una de las muchas cosas que sorprenden al viajero son sus magn\u00edficos edificios, especialmente los de origen alem\u00e1n [los soberanos h\u00fangaros fomentaron la colonizaci\u00f3n con pueblos germanos en el XII-XIII; los sajones dejaron grandes muestras de su arquitectura, son famosas sus iglesias fortificadas \u2013Kirchenb\u00fcrgen- <\/em>varias de ellas son Patrimonio de la Humanidad]. Es cierto que durante el per\u00edodo comunista muchos ciudadanos rumanos de origen alem\u00e1n se vieron impelidos a abandonar el pa\u00eds, sobre todo tras el acuerdo firmado en 1970, su pasado pesa en la historia de estas tierras donde dejaron un legado de orden, independencia y laboriosidad dif\u00edcil de superar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El centro cultural y econ\u00f3mico de la regi\u00f3n se localiza en Cluj Napoca y su casco hist\u00f3rico es uno de esos lugares con encanto que cuesta trabajo olvidar. Como la ciudad logr\u00f3 evitar la sistematizaci\u00f3n comunista, consigui\u00f3 modernizarse sin perder su patrimonio que la hacen \u00fanica, especialmente la rica arquitectura h\u00fangara o la de la \u00e9poca de los Habsburgo. Para el visitante, teniendo en cuenta su relativa importancia, lo m\u00e1s interesante pr\u00e1cticamente lo encuentra en la tranquila zona c\u00e9ntrica que invita a la contemplaci\u00f3n. Entre esos monumentos o vestigios de gloriosas \u00e9pocas cabe destacar el legado de Mat\u00edas Corvino [fue uno de los grandes soberanos h\u00fangaros, pero naci\u00f3 en Cluj en 1443], varios museos y coquetos parques hacen de la ciudad una verdadera joya que es posible disfrutarla simplemente y dej\u00e1ndose llevar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uno de los edificios m\u00e1s interesantes es la Iglesia de San Miguel de estilo g\u00f3tico, se levant\u00f3 \u201ca escote\u201d por sus ciudadanos que dedicaron trece d\u00e9cadas para pagarla y fue finalizada hacia la primera mitad del XIV. Impresionante su coro con sus tres capillas, la torre m\u00e1s alta muestra un estilo neog\u00f3tico y fue a\u00f1adida en el XIX; un claro ejemplo del denominado arte g\u00f3tico transilvano donde predominan unos acabados sumamente armoniosos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Iglesia fortificada de VISCRI, a unos 45 kil\u00f3metros de Sighisoara \u2013otra poblaci\u00f3n que uno no debe dejar de visitar si anda por la regi\u00f3n- es un rinc\u00f3n saj\u00f3n que no deja de auto regenerarse y sorprende al visitante, muchos de los edificios puestos al d\u00eda acogen ahora a viajeros de todo el orbe y la magn\u00edfica iglesia-fortaleza (levantada en el 1100 es Patrimonio de la Humanidad desde 1999) contempla la ciudad y es una de las m\u00e1s antiguas de cuantas existen en Transilvania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Otra zona que se est\u00e1 revitalizando es la de Valea Zalanului (Condado de Cosvana) a partir de  2008 cuando el pr\u00edncipe Carlos de Inglaterra adquiri\u00f3 aqu\u00ed una propiedad tras quedar cautivado por Transilvania durante su visita de 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los sellos que hoy nos han llevado a esta zona se emitieron el 15 de marzo de 2013, fueron cuatro faciales de 3.30-3.60-4.30-5 Lei mostrando algunos de los rincones citados m\u00e1s arriba. Fueron realizados por Mihai Vamasescu y se editaron en varios formatos: hojita bloque con los cuatro efectos, minipliegos de 8+1 vi\u00f1eta central y pliegos de 32 sellos. Aunque pueda parecer excesivo en realidad apenas son algo m\u00e1s de 50.000 ejemplares (s\u00f3lo 400 hojitas bloque eso s\u00ed). En fin, bella serie y bella regi\u00f3n. \u00a1Que la disfruten!\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

JUAN FRANCO CRESPO
lacandon999@yahoo.es<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nuestro paseo de hoy lo haremos por la regi\u00f3n de Transilvania que tantas leyendas nos la recuerda. Est\u00e1 rodeada por los C\u00e1rpatos, monta\u00f1as que se formaron en la era terciaria, per\u00edodo neozoico y all\u00ed tenemos la mayor zona volc\u00e1nica de toda Europa. Transilvania = Terra Ultrasilvana o La tierra detr\u00e1s\u2026<\/p>\n

Seguir leyendo…<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":-1,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"yes","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"twitter_226634691_226634691":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16,14,1125,5,28],"tags":[1009,1449,1043,1168,1356],"class_list":["post-4413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultura-tradiciones","category-filatelia","category-libros","category-literatura","category-viajes","tag-cultura","tag-descubriendo","tag-literatura-2","tag-rumania","tag-transilvania"],"yoast_head":"\nDESCUBRIENDO RUMANIA: TRANSILVANIA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"DESCUBRIENDO RUMANIA: TRANSILVANIA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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Crespo","author_link":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/author\/juan\/"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"custom":false,"gb-block-post-grid-landscape":false,"gb-block-post-grid-square":false,"post-thumbnail":false,"header":false,"slider":false,"columns":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Juan Franco Crespo","author_link":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/author\/juan\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Nuestro paseo de hoy lo haremos por la regi\u00f3n de Transilvania que tantas leyendas nos la recuerda. Est\u00e1 rodeada por los C\u00e1rpatos, monta\u00f1as que se formaron en la era terciaria, per\u00edodo neozoico y all\u00ed tenemos la mayor zona volc\u00e1nica de toda Europa. Transilvania = Terra Ultrasilvana o La tierra detr\u00e1s\u2026 Seguir leyendo...","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4413"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4413\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4413"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}