{"id":432,"date":"2009-10-16T15:06:40","date_gmt":"2009-10-16T13:06:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cultureduca.com\/blog\/?p=432"},"modified":"2015-05-21T15:23:37","modified_gmt":"2015-05-21T13:23:37","slug":"cl-aniversario-de-gustav-mahler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/cl-aniversario-de-gustav-mahler\/","title":{"rendered":"CL ANIVERSARIO DE GUSTAV MAHLER"},"content":{"rendered":"

El gran m\u00fasico naci\u00f3 el 7 de julio de 1860 en Kaliste (Bohemia), ese mismo a\u00f1o toda su familia se traslada a Jihlava y all\u00ed tom\u00f3 sus primeras lecciones de teor\u00eda y piano; muri\u00f3 en Viena el 18 de mayo de 1811, ciudad en la que realiz\u00f3 su formaci\u00f3n universitaria, compaginaba estudios de Derecho con los de M\u00fasica: armon\u00eda, composici\u00f3n y piano -ten\u00eda quince a\u00f1os- en el Conservatorio [Gesellleschaft der Musik Freunde] entre 1875-1878 siendo uno de sus maestros Antonio Bruckner; trabaj\u00f3 como profesor de m\u00fasica y en esa etapa compuso Das Klagende Lied <\/em>[La canci\u00f3n del lamento).<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Su fama comenz\u00f3 a fraguarse tras sobresalir, a los veinte a\u00f1os, como director de orquesta. En 1880 acept\u00f3 dirigir el teatro de verano de Bad Hall, entre 1881-1883 en los de Ljubljana y Olomouc, etapa en la que compagin\u00f3 la direcci\u00f3n con la composici\u00f3n hasta alcanzar, en 1883, el puesto de director musical de Kassel, donde el repertorio, compuesto de \u00f3pera ligera, no\u00a0 le acab\u00f3 de convencer y un desenga\u00f1o amoroso con una de las cantantes le lleva a producir su primera obra maestra Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen <\/em>(Canciones de un camarada errante), de un esquema tonal que evoluciona paralelamente a la cambiante suerte de su h\u00e9roe viajero; se trataba de un ciclo de canciones que complet\u00f3 con el comienzo de su primera sinfon\u00eda. Finalmente acaba dirigiendo el Landestheater de Praga (1887) en donde cosech\u00f3 grandes \u00e9xitos con las interpretaciones de La Walkiria<\/em> o El oro del Rhin<\/em> junto a otras obras de Beethoven, Gluck, Mozart o Wagner.<\/p>\n

Posteriormente sustituir\u00e1 a Arturo Nikisch al frente de la c\u00e9lebre \u00d3pera Estatal de Leipzig (Neus Stadt-Theater) donde se acaba imponiendo su talento. En 1888 dirig\u00eda la Orquesta Real de Budapest, per\u00edodo ensombrecido por la muerte de sus padres y hermana que, junto al nombramiento de un intendente para ejercer el control art\u00edstico le crean una situaci\u00f3n insostenible y decide rescindir el contrato para pasar a dirigir el famoso Stadt Theater de Hamburgo (1891-1897) y, finalmente, la Imperial de Viena (1897) de la que ser\u00eda director art\u00edstico un a\u00f1o m\u00e1s tarde, tuvo que apostatar de su fe jud\u00eda y abrazar la religi\u00f3n cat\u00f3lica. Dicho cargo fue muy criticado, \u00e9l supo demostrar su val\u00eda contra los prejuicios de los j\u00f3venes compositores radicales de su tiempo [incluso los lleg\u00f3 a apoyar] entre los que se encontraba Berg, Schoenberg, Webern y Zemlinsky, vivi\u00f3 la campa\u00f1a antisemita de la prensa de su tiempo pero su gran profesionalidad y val\u00eda le acab\u00f3 granjeando el respeto y admiraci\u00f3n del p\u00fablico y de los m\u00fasicos. En 1907, sumamente enrarecido el ambiente vien\u00e9s, afectado tambi\u00e9n por una agudas afecci\u00f3n cardiaca, decide dimitir y orientar sus pasos hacia la ciudad de Nueva York en donde dirigir\u00e1 la Orquesta Filarm\u00f3nica y la Metropolitan Opera House hasta 1911 cuando su salud empeora y decide regresar a Viena en donde fallece poco despu\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Discutido como director y como m\u00fasico, su legado -sobre todo sinf\u00f3nico- nos ofrece una grandiosidad que no s\u00f3lo despierta curiosidad, sino admiraci\u00f3n y hacen de \u00e9l una de las grandes figuras anteriores al dodecafonismo. Entre la decena de sinfon\u00edas que compuso destacan por su lirismo Die Argonauten, Lieder <\/em>(Los argonautas y Canciones) o la n\u00famero 8 conocida como \u00abSinfon\u00eda de los mil\u00bb, <\/em>\u00a0donde la escena final est\u00e1 inspirada en el famoso Fausto de Goethe. Tambi\u00e9n acab\u00f3 la \u00f3pera de Weber Die drei Pintos <\/em>cuyas exitosas representaciones en 1888 le acabaron dando el espaldarazo definitivo y una considerable independencia econ\u00f3mica.<\/p>\n

Acaba descubriendo la potencialidad m\u00fasica de los textos populares recogidos en Des Knaben Wunderhorn <\/em>que le dieron la oportunidad de escribir la mayor parte de sus canciones durante los tres lustros siguientes, en su m\u00fasica dej\u00f3 traslucir sus inquietudes y las evidentes contradicciones de un posrom\u00e1ntico de gran sensibilidad. Se enamor\u00f3 de la bisnieta de Weber y en 1902 se cas\u00f3 con Alma (hija del artista Emil Jacob Schlinder) que le proporcion\u00f3 una seguridad emocional que le permitir\u00eda completar las sinfon\u00edas 5 y 8, junto a unos poemas de R\u00fcckert sobre la muerte de los ni\u00f1os (Kinbdertolenlieder<\/em>). Se autodefin\u00eda como un compositor de verano ya que esta era la \u00e9poca m\u00e1s prol\u00edfica en su creaci\u00f3n musical.<\/p>\n

Mahler, en suma, hizo de las formas sinf\u00f3nicas y la orquesta -sobre todo con los timbres ag\u00f3nicos de los instrumentos de viento- un dolido adi\u00f3s al Romanticismo de su tiempo; represent\u00f3 la transici\u00f3n entre el wagnerismo y la revoluci\u00f3n atonal. Su m\u00fasica se ha revalorizado mundialmente, engrandeciendo su legado hasta l\u00edmites antes insospechados.<\/p>\n

El servicio postal de M\u00f3naco le dedica un sello de 0,90\u20ac programado para las emisiones previstas para la Exposici\u00f3n Internacional de Filatelia MONACOPHIL 2009. Se anticipan al centenario de su muerte (2011) y al 150 de su nacimiento (2010, aunque de hecho la emisi\u00f3n forma parte del programa de este a\u00f1o y de ah\u00ed que el pie de imprenta indique ese d\u00edgito) aunque t\u00e9cnicamente comience a tener validez postal a partir del 4 de diciembre de 2009 seg\u00fan nos anunci\u00f3 su oficina de prensa.<\/p>\n

El efecto monegasco nos muestra una imagen frontal del m\u00fasico seg\u00fan el dise\u00f1o de Cyril de la Patelliere y el grabado correspondi\u00f3 a Claude Andr\u00e9otto; al lado izquierdo va la firma del m\u00fasico [azul en vertical ascendente], el sello se realiz\u00f3 en talla dulce a dos colores, formato vertical [40x52mm] y la impresi\u00f3n se realiz\u00f3 en hojitas de seis ejemplares con f\u00f3sforo incorporado para su tratamiento postal automatizado y la impresi\u00f3n se realiz\u00f3 en la Philaposte del correo franc\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.oetp-monaco.com\/<\/a>
\noetp@gouv.mc<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/www.mpo.cz\/dokument40343.html<\/a>
\nwww.radio.cz\/espanol<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

JUAN FRANCO CRESPO<\/font>
\nlacandon999@yahoo.es<\/strong><\/a>\n<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El gran m\u00fasico naci\u00f3 el 7 de julio de 1860 en Kaliste (Bohemia), ese mismo a\u00f1o toda su familia se traslada a Jihlava y all\u00ed tom\u00f3 sus primeras lecciones de teor\u00eda y piano; muri\u00f3 en Viena el 18 de mayo de 1811, ciudad en la que realiz\u00f3 su formaci\u00f3n universitaria,\u2026<\/p>\n

Seguir leyendo…<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":-1,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"twitter_226634691_226634691":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[20,7,18],"tags":[1081,1010,1016,1140,1042,1115,1028,1156,1030,1046,1026,1150],"class_list":["post-432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-musica","category-personajes","category-publicaciones","tag-ambiente","tag-amor","tag-arte","tag-escena","tag-filatelia-2","tag-jovenes","tag-musica-2","tag-poemas","tag-radio","tag-salud","tag-teatro","tag-textos"],"yoast_head":"\nCL ANIVERSARIO DE GUSTAV MAHLER - Blog Cultureduca educativa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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