{"id":3450,"date":"2012-12-18T21:49:50","date_gmt":"2012-12-18T19:49:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cultureduca.com\/blog\/?p=3450"},"modified":"2018-12-22T11:08:14","modified_gmt":"2018-12-22T09:08:14","slug":"bicentenario-charles-dickens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/bicentenario-charles-dickens\/","title":{"rendered":"BICENTENARIO CHARLES DICKENS"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bautizado como Charles John Huffam Dickens, naci\u00f3 el 7 de febrero de 1812 en la ciudad portuaria de Portsmouth y muri\u00f3 en Londres el 9 de junio de 1870. Su padre apenas dispon\u00eda de recursos y acab\u00f3 en la c\u00e1rcel por no poder pagar sus deudas. Este hecho marc\u00f3 la vida de toda la familia y gracias a la decisi\u00f3n de su madre, que luch\u00f3 ferozmente contra la desdicha (acab\u00f3 fundando un centro educativo), en cierta medida le sirvi\u00f3 al peque\u00f1o Charles para escapar de la podredumbre y el vicio del casco viejo londinense de su \u00e9poca.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\u00a0\u00a0\"\"<\/p>\n

Una inesperada herencia y la liquidaci\u00f3n de sus derechos le encarrilaron hacia un reputado centro educativo en Hampstead Road y a los quince a\u00f1os trabajaba en el despacho del procurador Gray\u2019s Inn donde acabar\u00e1 formando su gran personalidad para la vida posterior: su capacidad de observaci\u00f3n. Aprende taquigraf\u00eda y, en 1828, colma sus deseos al lograr trabajar para varios peri\u00f3dicos redactando sus aceradas rese\u00f1as parlamentarias. Tras pasar por el True Sun<\/em> y el Mirror of Parliament<\/em>, ingresa en Morning Chronicle en 1835. Al a\u00f1o siguiente se casa con la hija de su compa\u00f1ero de redacci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

En esa \u00e9poca inician su andadura los c\u00e9lebres Papeles de Pickwich Club, de 400 ejemplares iniciales, pasan a 40.000 en el \u00faltimo n\u00famero que vio la luz en 1837. Un \u00e9xito desconocido en la literatura de las islas brit\u00e1nicas que estimul\u00f3 a Dickens para seguir con esa gran senda de la narrativa que le posibilit\u00f3 un nuevo t\u00edtulo pr\u00e1cticamente cada a\u00f1o: Oliver Twist<\/em> (1837-1839), Nicholas Nickleby<\/em> (1838-1839), Old Curiosity Shop<\/em> (1840-1841), Barnaby Rudge<\/em> (1841), etc.<\/span><\/p>\n

En 1840 fund\u00f3 Master Humphrey\u2019s Clock<\/em>, diario que vendi\u00f3 nada menos que 70.000 ejemplares el primer d\u00eda de cita con los lectores. El \u00e9xito fue tal que Dickens se ver\u00e1 abocado a preparar un cuento semanal para satisfacer la curiosidad de sus lectores que incluso se lo disputaban en su viaje a los Estados Unidos, de esa experiencia americana ser\u00e1n las American Notes<\/em> (1842). Dickens no vio con buenos ojos la hipocres\u00eda norteamericana ni la sociedad esclavista de su tiempo.<\/span><\/p>\n

En 1843 aparecer\u00e1n los cuadernos mensuales Martin Chuzzlewit, una de las obras maestras del gran mago de las letras brit\u00e1nicas. Ese mismo a\u00f1o vio la luz el c\u00e9lebre Christmas Carol<\/em>. A finales de la d\u00e9cada publica David Copperfield (1849-1850) puede considerarse como su autobiograf\u00eda y simult\u00e1neamente, de manera semanal, aparece Household Words<\/em>, pasa por diferentes pruebas que le perjudican la salud [mueren su padre, su hija y su hermana], pero \u00e9l no abandona su prol\u00edfica producci\u00f3n: Bleack House<\/em> (1852-1853), Hard Times<\/em> (1854), Little Dorrit<\/em> (1856-1857), etc. Desemboca en problemas en su matrimonio que acaba en divorcio tras m\u00e1s de dos d\u00e9cadas de vida hogare\u00f1a y felizmente bendecida con el fruto de 10 hijos. Pas\u00f3 por diferentes estadios emocionales, saltando f\u00e1cilmente de la euforia al desasosiego: su vida se desmoronaba, pero crec\u00eda el literato. Conferencias por el Reino Unido y los Estados Unidos lo alejan, relativamente, de los problemas caseros que tiene la osad\u00eda de publicar en Household Words<\/em> y los editores le acaban despidiendo por su poco \u00e9tica conducta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pero no se amilana y funda All the Year Round<\/em> que sale al mercado de manera inmediata (1859); su producci\u00f3n no se ver\u00e1 alterada y ver\u00e1n la luz Hunted Down<\/em>, A Holiday Romance, Great Expectations, Our Mutual Friend<\/em>, etc. En 1870 aparece el primer cuaderno de The Mystery of Edwin Drood<\/em>, pero apenas le quedaba vida, diversos procesos le acaban provocando un derrame cerebral que se lo lleva el 8 de junio de 1870 mientras estaba en su c\u00e9lebre casita de Gadshill Place. Fue enterrado en la archifamosa Abad\u00eda de Westminster el 14 de junio.<\/span><\/p>\n

Desaparec\u00eda el hombre y crec\u00eda la figura, el mito de uno de los m\u00e1s grandes hombres de letras del archipi\u00e9lago brit\u00e1nico. Pr\u00e1cticamente su legado ha superado las diferentes generaciones gracias a las tramas que reflejan sentimientos universales que son factibles de permeabilizarse en los m\u00e1s apartados rincones del orbe. De ah\u00ed que en cualquier fuente bibliogr\u00e1fica se diga que no hubo escritor ingl\u00e9s del XIX que ejerciera una influencia m\u00e1s profunda y considerable, como lo hizo Dickens. Uno de los m\u00e1s prol\u00edficos y m\u00e1s traducidos del mundo, incluso a\u00fan hoy tras m\u00e1s de 200 a\u00f1os.<\/span><\/p>\n

La Filatelia ha honrado al escritor en numerosas ocasiones y podr\u00eda montarse una bella colecci\u00f3n tem\u00e1tica centrada precisamente en el legado del gran literato. Numerosas administraciones postales le han honrado con sus signos postales en el 2012 con motivo del bicentenario de su nacimiento; de todas ellas nos hemos quedado con las de Gibraltar, Gran Breta\u00f1a y Jersey para cerrar el presente art\u00edculo.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Los llanitos le dedicaron cuatro sellos y una hojita bloque, el dise\u00f1o fue de Stephan Perera, impresos en litograf\u00eda offset a cuatro colores en la BDT Security Printers (Irlanda) en formato vertical (29.8×40.64mm), puesta en circulaci\u00f3n el 14 de septiembre de 2012. Veamos los motivos de ambas emisiones.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PA\u00cdS–<\/span><\/strong>\u00e0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nG I B R A L T A R <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Facial<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nMotivo del sello o personaje literario filatelizado <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10p<\/span><\/td>\nRetrato y portadas de David Copperfield.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42p<\/span><\/td>\n\u00cddem, Oliver Twist.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44p<\/span><\/td>\n\u00cddem, A tale of Two Cities.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2\u00a3<\/span><\/td>\n\u00cddem, Christmas Carol<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2\u00a3 HB<\/span><\/td>\nHojita con retrato centrado en un libro abierto.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PA\u00cdS–<\/span><\/strong>\u00e0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nG R A N B R E T A \u00d1 A <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AC 2\u00aa<\/span><\/td>\nMr. Bumble de Oliver Twist.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AC 1\u00aa<\/span><\/td>\nMr. Pickwick de The Pickwick Papers.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77p<\/span><\/td>\nThe Marchioness de The Old Curiosity Shop.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87p<\/span><\/td>\nMrs. Gamp de Martin Chuzzlewitt<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4xAC 1\u00aa<\/span><\/td>\nCombinaci\u00f3n horizontal con escenas de Nicholas Nickleby, Bleack House, Little Dorrit y A tale of Two Cities.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.28\u00a3<\/span><\/td>\nCaptain Cuttle de Dombey and Son.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.90\u00a3<\/span><\/td>\nMr. Micawber de David Copperfield.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PA\u00cdS–<\/span><\/strong>\u00e0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nJERSEY (ISLAS DEL CANAL DE LA MANCHA ) <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40-45-50-55-60-68-80-88 p.<\/span><\/td>\nOcho preciosos sellos centrados en su c\u00e9lebre Christmas Carol (Villancico o Canci\u00f3n de Navidad) que realzan la popular obra literaria gracias al excelente trabajo de su dise\u00f1ador.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

El dise\u00f1o de los sellos brit\u00e1nicos fue de Howard Brown, formato vertical (27x37mm), impresos en litograf\u00eda por Cartor Security Printing (Meauc\u00e9-Francia), en hojas de 25 y 50 ejemplares, dentado 14 y papel con f\u00f3sforo para el tratamiento postal automatizado. La hojita bloque recoge cuatro ejemplares en combinaci\u00f3n horizontal, en todos los casos son sellos acifrados para franqueo de correspondencia de primera clase. La hojita tiene un tama\u00f1o de 190x67mm, tama\u00f1o del sello aislado 37x35mm y se complementa con la firma aut\u00f3grafa en el margen inferior derecho. Hubo dos matasellos de primer d\u00eda que se emplearon el 19.06.2012 en Portsmouth y Edimburgo.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Finalmente, los sellos de la administraci\u00f3n postal de Jersey que fueron dise\u00f1ados por Mark Wilkinson e impresos en la Lowe Martin (Canad\u00e1), en litograf\u00eda offset con tinta especial en los m\u00e1rgenes de los minipliegos de diez ejemplares que recogen m\u00e1s motivos sobre el bicentenario del gran escritor brit\u00e1nico. El tama\u00f1o de los sellos fue de 30x40mm y la distribuci\u00f3n en la hoja es de dos columnas de cinco ejemplares. Su puesta en circulaci\u00f3n es el 15 de noviembre de 2012.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
www.gibraltar-stamps.com
\n<\/a> info@wopa-stamps.com<\/td>\n		WOPA-WORLD ONLINE PHILATELIC AGENCYGIBRALTAR PHILATELIC BUREAU(MAIN OFFICE) SUITES 9 & 11, BLOCK 2 WATERGARDENS GIBRALTAR<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
www.eulogy.co.uk<\/a>rohan@eulogy.co.uk<\/td>\nROYAL MAILBRITISH PHILATELIC BUREAUTALLENTS HOUSE,21 SOUTH GYLE EDINBURGH EH12 9BP\u00a0<\/strong>(REINO UNIDO)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
www.jerseystamps.com<\/a>stamps@jerseypost.comvalentinea@jerseypost.com mel.gouzinis@jerseypost.com<\/td>\nJERSEY GPO PHILATELIC BUREAUPOSTAL HEADQUARTERSBOX 106 DEPARTMENT 304C ST. HELIER<\/strong>-JERSEY\u00a0JE1 1AB\u00a0<\/strong>UNITED KINGDOM(REINO UNIDO)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

JUAN FRANCO CRESPO
\n lacandon999@yahoo.es<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bautizado como Charles John Huffam Dickens, naci\u00f3 el 7 de febrero de 1812 en la ciudad portuaria de Portsmouth y muri\u00f3 en Londres el 9 de junio de 1870. Su padre apenas dispon\u00eda de recursos y acab\u00f3 en la c\u00e1rcel por no poder pagar sus deudas. Este hecho marc\u00f3 la\u2026<\/p>\n

Seguir leyendo…<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":-1,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"twitter_226634691_226634691":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[14,5,7],"tags":[1556,1042,1145,1043,1079,1046,1021],"class_list":["post-3450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-filatelia","category-literatura","category-personajes","tag-bicentenario","tag-filatelia-2","tag-libro","tag-literatura-2","tag-mito","tag-salud","tag-sociedad"],"yoast_head":"\nBICENTENARIO CHARLES DICKENS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"BICENTENARIO CHARLES DICKENS\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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