{"id":152,"date":"2008-12-31T19:40:21","date_gmt":"2008-12-31T17:40:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cultureduca.com\/blog\/?p=152"},"modified":"2015-05-21T14:52:42","modified_gmt":"2015-05-21T12:52:42","slug":"la-real-academia-de-bellas-artes-de-san-fernando-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/la-real-academia-de-bellas-artes-de-san-fernando-2\/","title":{"rendered":"La Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

<– Viene de la 1\u00aa parte<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font>A la iniciativa de Felipe V y al esfuerzo de Fernando VI hay que sumar el empuje dado a la Academia por Carlos III, cuya inercia acompa\u00f1a todo el reinado de Carlos IV. Carlos III vino a confirmar el car\u00e1cter instrumental de la Academia como \u00f3rgano de alcance dentro del reformismo ilustrado, para lo cual la Corporaci\u00f3n no s\u00f3lo contaba con el apoyo del monarca sino que estaba garantizado por los hombres cercanos a su real persona bien fuera en calidad de Protectores, como Grimaldi o Floridablanca, bien asumiendo el decisivo papel de consiliarios, entre los que se encontraban los nombres m\u00e1s destacadas de la nobleza como los Alba, Osuna, Berwick y Liria, Medinaceli, Aranda, Santa Cruz, Abrantes, Fern\u00e1n N\u00fa\u00f1ez, Altamira, Granada de Ega, y un largo etc\u00e9tera que fue creciendo, asegurando as\u00ed el car\u00e1cter pol\u00edtico-estamental de la instituci\u00f3n. Detr\u00e1s de aquellos nombres hab\u00eda embajadores, consejeros reales, sumilleres, gentilhombres de c\u00e1mara, mayordomos de su majestad, altos grados militares y jerarqu\u00edas eclesi\u00e1sticas que, con los acad\u00e9micos de honor representaban el verdadero poder de la Academia. Frente a ellos Mengs intent\u00f3, sin \u00e9xito, que pasara la direcci\u00f3n efectiva de la Academia a los artistas siendo el pintor de c\u00e1mara de Carlos III la primera v\u00edctima de su pretensi\u00f3n, de tal modo que fue excluido de la relaci\u00f3n de profesores y directores honorarios de la Academia en 1769, a\u00f1o en que Mengs volvi\u00f3 a Italia.<\/p>\n

De los a\u00f1os de Carlos III hay que recordar igualmente la gesti\u00f3n de dos secretarios que reforzaron con su actividad la personalidad del cargo, esto es, Ignacio Hermosilla y Antonio Ponz. Al celo de este \u00faltimo se debe la creaci\u00f3n de la Comisi\u00f3n de Arquitectura (1786), con un decisivo cometido fiscalizador y cr\u00edtico sobre cuantos edificios y reformas se llevaban a cabo con cargo a los fondos p\u00fablicos.<\/p>\n

La Academia conoci\u00f3 un fuerte incremento de alumnos a lo largo de la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, de tal manera que en 1758 se contabilizaban unos trescientos mientras que pasaban holgadamente del millar en 1800. Ello oblig\u00f3 a buscar una nueva sede m\u00e1s capaz, abandonando la Real Casa de la Panader\u00eda una vez que se concert\u00f3 la compra (1773) del antiguo palacio de Goyeneche, en la calle de Alcal\u00e1, cuya fachada y portada reform\u00f3 Diego de Villanueva dos a\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde.<\/p>\n

Para atender a las ense\u00f1anzas la Academia cont\u00f3 con un select\u00edsimo cuadro de profesores pudiendo recordarse, entre los que alcanzaron el grado de Director General, a los arquitectos Saccheti, Ventura Rodr\u00edguez, Juan de Villanueva, y Arnal; a los escultores Olivieri, Castro, Mena, Robert Michel, \u00c1lvarez, y Carnicero; y, finalmente, a los pintores Giaquinto, Gonz\u00e1lez Ruiz, Calleja, Francisco Bayeu, Maella, y Ferro. No obstante, hubo otros muchos nombres como Goya, Bails, Casta\u00f1eda, o Manuel Salvador Carmona, que har\u00edan interminable y por razones distintas la n\u00f3mina de quienes dieron el prestigio alcanzado por la corporaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

La Academia y la Escuela de Nobles Artes<\/strong>El hecho m\u00e1s notable que afect\u00f3 en el siglo XIX a la Real Academia de San Fernando fue la segregaci\u00f3n de la ense\u00f1anza de las bellas artes que, desde 1844, se impartir\u00edan en la nueva Escuela de Nobles Artes. Esta depend\u00eda inicialmente de la Academia pero fue el primer paso hacia la radical separaci\u00f3n de la Academia de la ense\u00f1anza que, parad\u00f3jicamente, hab\u00eda sido su raz\u00f3n de ser en el \u00e1nimo de de los fundadores.<\/p>\n

\n

\nRetrato del cardenal Borja<\/font><\/strong>, por Vel\u00e1zquez. Entre la colecci\u00f3n de dibujos que pose la Academia se encuentra este de Diego Vel\u00e1zquez (1599- 1660).<\/font><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n


\n<\/font>La comida frugal<\/strong>, por Picasso. Este magistral grabado marca el final de la llamada \u00ab\u00e9poca azul\u00bb del pintor y el inicio de su \u00e9poca rosa. <\/font><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n


\n<\/font>Paisaje<\/strong>, por Benjam\u00edn Palencia. Cuadro donado a la Academia por el autor al ingresar en ella.<\/font><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Todo esto se regula por un Real Decreto de 25 de septiembre de 1844 en cuyo pre\u00e1mbulo se dice literalmente: \u201cTiempo hace ya que se reclama por todos los amantes de las bellas artes una reforma radical de su ense\u00f1anza, a fin de elevarla a la altura que tiene en otras naciones europeas, d\u00e1ndole la extensi\u00f3n que necesita para formar profesores. Cierto es que la Real Academia de San Fernando ha desplegado siempre el m\u00e1s laudable celo en favor de esta ense\u00f1anza; pero escasa de medios, no ha podido menos de darla incompleta…\u201d<\/p>\n

Reinaba en aquel momento Isabel II y estos cambios coincidieron con la llagada de los moderados al poder, encabezados por Narv\u00e1ez, figurando entre sus ministros Pedro Jos\u00e9 Pidal, acad\u00e9mico de San Fernando por la Secci\u00f3n de Arquitectura. De aqu\u00ed que los estudios de arquitectura alcanzaran muy pronto una vida propia e independiente de la mencionada Escuela de Nobles Artes, con lo que se fue haciendo cada vez m\u00e1s evidente la cesura producida entre la Academia y las ense\u00f1anzas art\u00edsticas. La nueva Escuela de Nobles Artes cont\u00f3 inmediatamente con un Reglamento para su \u201cr\u00e9gimen y organizaci\u00f3n\u201d, publicado en 1845, y al a\u00f1o siguiente se aprobaron los nuevos Estatutos de la que desde entonces, y s\u00f3lo desde entonces, se llamar\u00eda Real Academia de Nobles Artes de San Fernando.<\/p>\n

De la separaci\u00f3n entre Academia y Escuela surgi\u00f3 una nueva Academia en cuya organizaci\u00f3n y gobierno recuperaron terreno los artistas. Desaparecieron los acad\u00e9micos honorarios, haciendo a todos los individuos de la corporaci\u00f3n \u201ciguales en consideraciones y prerrogativas\u201d. Se limit\u00f3 el n\u00famero de los miembros de la Academia, organiz\u00e1ndolos por vez primera en secciones: pintura, escultura y arquitectura, en este orden. Se contempla la existencia de comisiones; se establecen juntas generales a la que tienen derecho a asistir todos los individuos de la corporaci\u00f3n; se se\u00f1ala la existencia de acad\u00e9micos \u201ccorresponsales\u201d; se nombra una Junta de Gobierno y, en fin se vislumbra una Academia que est\u00e1 en el origen de la actual, a trav\u00e9s de treinta y seis art\u00edculos.<\/p>\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/td>\n <\/td>\n\n

\u00a0Informaci\u00f3n procedente de la R. A. Bellas Artes de S. Fernando
\n\u00a0M\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n en la web de la Instituci\u00f3n –><\/font>Aqu\u00ed<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

Contin\u00faa en la 3\u00aa parte–><\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

<– Viene de la 1\u00aa parte A la iniciativa de Felipe V y al esfuerzo de Fernando VI hay que sumar el empuje dado a la Academia por Carlos III, cuya inercia acompa\u00f1a todo el reinado de Carlos IV. Carlos III vino a confirmar el car\u00e1cter instrumental de la Academia\u2026<\/p>\n

Seguir leyendo…<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":75,"featured_media":-1,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"twitter_226634691_226634691":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[1016,1139,1009,1015,1023,1027,1025,1033],"class_list":["post-152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-instituciones","tag-arte","tag-artes","tag-cultura","tag-flor","tag-gobierno","tag-militar","tag-rosa","tag-vino"],"yoast_head":"\nLa Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (2) - Blog Cultureduca educativa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (2) - Blog Cultureduca educativa -\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/la-real-academia-de-bellas-artes-de-san-fernando-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (2) - 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