{"id":13,"date":"2010-01-18T00:49:15","date_gmt":"2010-01-17T22:49:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cultureduca.com\/blog\/?p=13"},"modified":"2014-12-31T00:02:20","modified_gmt":"2014-12-30T22:02:20","slug":"la-literatura-poetica-y-el-genero-epico","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/la-literatura-poetica-y-el-genero-epico\/","title":{"rendered":"La literatura po\u00e9tica y el g\u00e9nero \u00e9pico"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Han llegado hasta nuestros d<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00ed<\/span>as numerosos poemarios que dan fe de la universalidad de la literatura po<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>tica, y especialmente del g<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>nero <span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>pico. Podemos obtener referencias en todas las culturas y <span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>pocas.<\/p>\n<p>La m<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00fa<\/span>sica ha sido, fundamentalmente, el precursor del discurso po<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>tico. La poes<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00ed<\/span>a narrativa se inici<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00f3<\/span> en los <span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e1<\/span>mbitos religiosos de la mano de las canciones <span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>picas y la mitolog<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00ed<\/span>a de los dioses, donde se recog<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00ed<\/span>an los relatos de sus vidas, y hechos heroicos de personajes hist<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00f3<\/span>ricos.<\/p>\n<p>Se manifiesta la poes<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00ed<\/span>a en otros variados pa<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00ed<\/span>ses y <span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>pocas. As<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00ed<\/span>, los Veda, o libros sagrados del hinduismo, contienen himnos religiosos escritos alrededor del siglo III a.C.<\/p>\n<p>Los cantos hom<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>ricos describen episodios sucedidos en <span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>pocas anteriores a Homero, y se deduce de su estructura que eran obras para ser cantadas y acompa<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00f1<\/span>adas de instrumentos musicales, habitualmente la lira, tal como <span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>l lo describe. La forma de difusi<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00f3<\/span>n era fundamentalmente oral, y el ritmo de los textos permit<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00ed<\/span>a que pudieran ser recordados m<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e1<\/span>s f<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e1<\/span>cilmente.<\/p>\n<p>As<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00ed<\/span>, caben destacar algunas obras importantes de esta naturaleza:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808000;\">Poema de Gilgamesh: <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Una notable obra literaria sumeria, que lleva el nombre de un rey d<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>spota de Babilonia, gobernador de la ciudad de Uruk. Se trata de un poema heroico que fue escrito alrededor del a<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00f1<\/span>o 2000 a.C., en caracteres cuneiformes sobre doce ta\u00bablillas o cantos de arcilla. Aunque en la obra los versos no est<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e1<\/span>n separados, se estiman en unos 3.500.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808000;\">Iliada y Odisea de Homero:<\/span> Son dos epopeyas de la antig<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00fc<\/span>edad griega, que narran hechos legendarios supuestamente sucedidos mucho antes de la <span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>poca en que fueron escritas, y que se estima en el siglo noveno a.C. La Iliada se sit<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00fa<\/span>a al final de la guerra de Troya, que se utiliza como fondo para la trama de la obra, donde narra el regreso de la guerra del h<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>roe griego Odiseo (Ulises en la mitolog<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00ed<\/span>a latina), La Odisea presenta una estructura y esp<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00ed<\/span>ritu diferente, conjugando elementos diversos, tales como relatos marineros, cuentos populares, temas sociales, etc. Las dos epopeyas est<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e1<\/span>n escritos en un verso formal, <span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00fd<\/span> su m<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>trica es el hex<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e1<\/span>metro dact<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00ed<\/span>lico.<br \/>\nLos himnos hom<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>ricos son otra serie de poemas atribuidos a Homero, que relatan haza<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00f1<\/span>as de diversos dioses y compuestos en un estilo <span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>pico muy similar.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808000;\">Mahabharata y Ramayana indios: <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">En s<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e1<\/span>nscrito, Mahabharata significa \u00abGran Bharata\u00bb, y Ramayana \u00abHistoria de Rama\u00bb. Ambas obras son profanas, y se recitan mediante un ceremonial o ritual, confiriendo supuestos m<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>ritos religiosos a quienes los escuchan.<br \/>\nLa Mahabharata es el m<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e1<\/span>s extenso de los poemas <span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>picos de la literatura india antigua. La Ramayana es la menor, pero destaca por su lenguaje po<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>tico y la riqueza de sus descripciones; agrupa siete libros que fueron traducidos a numerosas lenguas; se escribi<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00f3<\/span> probablemente alrededor del siglo III a.C.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808000;\">Canci<\/span><span style=\"color: #808000; font-family: Arial;\">\u00f3<\/span><span style=\"color: #808000;\">n de Rold<\/span><span style=\"color: #808000; font-family: Arial;\">\u00e1<\/span><span style=\"color: #808000;\">n:<\/span> Es un poema <span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>pico perteneciente al ciclo franc<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>s de las canciones de gesta, que relata las proezas de los caballeros cristianos, y compuesto entre los siglos XI y XI, posiblemente por trovadores errantes para entretener a las cortes feudales o los peregrinos. La<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808000;\">Beowulf: <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poema<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>pico anglosaj<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00f3<\/span>n, el m<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e1<\/span>s importante de la literatura medieval inglesa, y el mayor de este tipo escrito en una lengua vern<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e1<\/span>cula europea. Est<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e1<\/span> escrito en dialecto saj<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00f3<\/span>n, alrededor de finales del siglo X. El poema consta de 3.182 versos, cada uno de ellos con cuatro acentos marcados por la aliteraci<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00f3<\/span>n (repetici<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00f3<\/span>n de un fonema o de una s<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00ed<\/span>laba t<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00f3<\/span>nica).<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808000;\">Cantar del m<\/span><span style=\"color: #808000; font-family: Arial;\">\u00ed<\/span><span style=\"color: #808000;\">o Cid: <\/span>Poema <span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00e9<\/span>pico castellano, an<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00f3<\/span>nimo, cuya dataci<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00f3<\/span>n ha sido motivo de conjeturas, pero que se estima en el siglo XII. Es un cantar de gesta que narra los hechos finales de Rodrigo D<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00ed<\/span>az de Vivar, El Cid Campeador (1043-1099), ambientados ocasionalmente con ficciones que resaltan aspectos heroicos, lealtad al rey y otras virtudes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Han llegado hasta nuestros d\u00edas numerosos poemarios que dan fe de la universalidad de la literatura po\u00e9tica, y especialmente del g\u00e9nero \u00e9pico. Podemos obtener referencias en todas las culturas y \u00e9pocas. La m\u00fasica ha sido, fundamentalmente, el precursor del discurso po\u00e9tico. La poes\u00eda narrativa se inici\u00f3 en los \u00e1mbitos religiosos\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/la-literatura-poetica-y-el-genero-epico\/\">Seguir leyendo&#8230;<i 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llegado hasta nuestros d\u00edas numerosos poemarios que dan fe de la universalidad de la literatura po\u00e9tica, y especialmente del g\u00e9nero \u00e9pico. Podemos obtener referencias en todas las culturas y \u00e9pocas. La m\u00fasica ha sido, fundamentalmente, el precursor del discurso po\u00e9tico. La poes\u00eda narrativa se inici\u00f3 en los \u00e1mbitos religiosos\u2026 Seguir leyendo...","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/75"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}