{"id":106,"date":"2008-11-22T16:15:41","date_gmt":"2008-11-22T14:15:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cultureduca.com\/blog\/?p=106"},"modified":"2018-12-22T03:13:05","modified_gmt":"2018-12-22T01:13:05","slug":"cilindros-de-cera-en-la-bne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/cilindros-de-cera-en-la-bne\/","title":{"rendered":"Cilindros de Cera en la BNE"},"content":{"rendered":"

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<\/td>\nActividades, noticias y novedades de la Biblioteca Nacional de Espa\u00f1a
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<\/font> <\/font>La Biblioteca Nacional ha adquirido una colecci\u00f3n de 224 cilindros de cera fabricados en Espa\u00f1a, en su mayor\u00eda, y relacionados con la m\u00fasica espa\u00f1ola e int\u00e9rpretes espa\u00f1oles. Son documentos de gran valor hist\u00f3rico por ser las primeras grabaciones de sonido y voz de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX. El contenido de la colecci\u00f3n de cilindros adquiridos es rico y variado y supone un incremento importante de la Colecci\u00f3n hist\u00f3rica del Servicio de Registros Sonoros, siendo considerados como el equivalente a los incunables de la Colecci\u00f3n impresa. A continuaci\u00f3n se incluye un registro sonoro proveniente de uno de los cilindros adquiridos por la Biblioteca Nacional, contiene la pieza \u201cCarceleras\u201d, la m\u00e1s conocida de la zarzuela Las hijas del Zebedeo<\/em>, de Ruperto Chap\u00ed. La grabaci\u00f3n se realiz\u00f3 en torno al a\u00f1o 1900 y la pieza est\u00e1 interpretada por la se\u00f1orita Nieves.<\/font><\/p>\n

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Nota del webmaster.- la grabaci\u00f3n\u00a0 a la que hace referencia el texto no es posible escucharla por estar roto el enlace que\u00a0ofrece la BNE para ese uso.<\/font>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

En 1877 Tom\u00e1s A. Edison invent\u00f3 los cilindros de fon\u00f3grafo, primer medio para poder grabar y reproducir el sonido. Los primeros fueron de papel de esta\u00f1o, despu\u00e9s de cart\u00f3n parafinado y a partir de 1890 de cera maciza.<\/font><\/p>\n

El fon\u00f3grafo fue el primer aparato en registrar y reproducir sonido. Funcionaba mediante una aguja sujeta a una membrana, que recog\u00eda las vibraciones producidas por la m\u00fasica, la voz o cualquier otro sonido, y las grababa mediante surcos en la superficie del cilindro. El impacto de este invento llev\u00f3 a colaborar a ingenieros, cient\u00edficos, artistas, comerciantes, etc. que lograron perfeccionar el mecanismo de los posteriores gram\u00f3fonos de discos, inventados por Emilio Berliner, y que solo serv\u00edan para reproducir sonidos pregrabados. Hasta finales de 1890 los cilindros de cera eran muy heterog\u00e9neos, lo que creaba problemas de incompatibilidad. Para evitar esto, la casa Edison Records, Columbia Phonograph y otras decidir\u00e1n establecer un tama\u00f1o est\u00e1ndar para los cilindros de cera. Las medidas acordadas fueron 10 cm. de largo y 5,7 cm de di\u00e1metro, con capacidad para unos dos minutos de grabaci\u00f3n. En 1906 el pl\u00e1stico duro sustituir\u00e1 a la cera y comenzar\u00e1n a comercializarse cilindros de celuloide y de amberol, estos \u00faltimos de 4 minutos de duraci\u00f3n, que seguir\u00edan vendi\u00e9ndose hasta 1929 compitiendo con los discos de pizarra, menos fr\u00e1giles y m\u00e1s f\u00e1ciles de almacenar. La colecci\u00f3n adquirida est\u00e1 integrada por 204 cilindros de tama\u00f1o est\u00e1ndar: 57 cilindros de zarzuela, 44 de \u00f3pera, 20 de flamenco, 22 de m\u00fasica popular, 33 de m\u00fasica instrumental, 15 de cuentos, 10 de m\u00fasica regional, 3 de archivo de palabra y por 20 cilindros de tama\u00f1o mayor de temas diversos.<\/font><\/p>\n

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La zarzuela est\u00e1 representada por composiciones muy conocidas, 15 est\u00e1n grabados en Espa\u00f1a por la compa\u00f1\u00eda \u201cThe Anglo Italian comerse Co\u201d y fabricados en Italia: El juramento<\/em> (Gaztambide), La Revoltosa<\/em> (Chap\u00ed), El Barberillo de Lavapies<\/em>, La boda de Luis Alonso<\/em> (G. Jim\u00e9nez), El pu\u00f1ao de rosas<\/em> (Chap\u00ed), etc. Los cilindros son de una gran perfecci\u00f3n y se puede decir que el sonido es de los mejores que se conservan. Los restantes est\u00e1n hechos en Espa\u00f1a. Se recogen temas tan conocidos como La alegr\u00eda de la Huerta<\/em> (Chueca), Agua azucarillos y aguardiente<\/em>, (Chueca), La verbena de la Paloma<\/em> (Bret\u00f3n), Gigantes y cabezudos<\/em> (Caballero). Son cilindros de cantantes espa\u00f1oles del momento, de grabaciones de fragmentos muy conocidos y de otros olvidados, a veces m\u00e1s importantes que los conocidos. De todas formas las grabaciones, ya sean conocidas o desconocidas, son las primeras zarzuelas que se grabaron y, en algunos casos, la \u00fanica grabaci\u00f3n que se conserva. La opera es otro de los g\u00e9neros que forma parte de la colecci\u00f3n. Seis son del gran tenor vasco Constantino, de las marcas extranjeras Path\u00e9 y Edison. Los restantes son espa\u00f1oles, con los fragmentos y arias m\u00e1s famosas de la \u00e9poca. Los cuatro cilindros de la \u00f3pera \u201cMarina\u201d de Arrieta se pueden considerar los primeros y quiz\u00e1s \u00fanicos que existen. Los veinte cilindros de flamenco fueron fabricados en Espa\u00f1a. Los m\u00e1s importantes son los del \u201cMochuelo\u201d, que lleg\u00f3 a grabar casi todos los estilos del flamenco. Entre ellos, hay que resaltar las Jaberas, un palo flamenco olvidado del que quiz\u00e1s solo exista este ejemplar. Entre las casas fonogr\u00e1ficas espa\u00f1olas m\u00e1s representadas destacan: Ure\u00f1a, Aramburo, Hugens y Acosta, Fonogr\u00e1fica Madrile\u00f1a, Sociedad Fonogr\u00e1fica Espa\u00f1ola, Moreno Cases, Puerto y Novella, Fono Reyna, Jos\u00e9 Navarro, etc. Entre las extranjeras podemos hablar de Pathe, The Anglo Italian Commerce Co., Edison Amberol y Lioret, entre otras.<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0 <\/font> Para adquirir las publicaciones de la BNE informarse <\/font>–><\/font> <\/font>aqu\u00ed<\/font>
\n\u00a0 <\/font> M\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n en la web de la instituci\u00f3n:<\/font> www.bne.es<\/a><\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

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Actividades, noticias y novedades de la Biblioteca Nacional de Espa\u00f1a ____________________________________ La Biblioteca Nacional ha adquirido una colecci\u00f3n de 224 cilindros de cera fabricados en Espa\u00f1a, en su mayor\u00eda, y relacionados con la m\u00fasica espa\u00f1ola e int\u00e9rpretes espa\u00f1oles. Son documentos de gran valor hist\u00f3rico por ser las primeras grabaciones de\u2026<\/p>\n

Seguir leyendo…<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":75,"featured_media":-1,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"twitter_226634691_226634691":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[20,19],"tags":[1016,1032,1028,1025,1021],"class_list":["post-106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-musica","category-noticias","tag-arte","tag-estilo","tag-musica-2","tag-rosa","tag-sociedad"],"yoast_head":"\nCilindros de Cera en la BNE - Blog Cultureduca educativa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cilindros de Cera en la BNE - Blog Cultureduca educativa -\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/culturblog\/cilindros-de-cera-en-la-bne\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cilindros de Cera en la BNE - 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