{"id":574,"date":"2021-11-30T21:41:21","date_gmt":"2021-11-30T21:41:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/aula\/?p=574"},"modified":"2021-12-01T17:38:12","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T17:38:12","slug":"contaminacion-marina-historia-de-las-mareas-negras-6a-parte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/aula\/contaminacion-marina-historia-de-las-mareas-negras-6a-parte\/","title":{"rendered":"CONTAMINACI\u00d3N \u2013 MARINA \u2013 HISTORIA DE LAS MAREAS NEGRAS \u2013 6\u00aa PARTE"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTabla de contenidos\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
  1. 1996<\/a>
  2. 1997<\/a>
  3. 1999<\/a>
  4. 2000<\/a><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n

    1996<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    El 15 de febrero, el petrolero de Liberia Sea Empress<\/em> embarranca en la costa SO de Gales, derramando 70.000 toneladas de crudo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    El 2 de enero, naufraga a causa del temporal a unas 90 millas de la isla japonesa de Oki, en el mar del Jap\u00f3n, el petrolero ruso Najodka<\/em>, que portaba 19.000 toneladas de crudo, generando una marea negra de casi 2 km. de largo entre 100 y 500 metros de ancho. Cientos de kil\u00f3metros de las costas occidentales del Jap\u00f3n quedaron afectadas por densas manchas, creando graves da\u00f1os a los recursos, reservas naturales, zonas recreativas e industrias pesqueras de la regi\u00f3n.El 8 de febrero, el petrolero de bandera paname\u00f1a San Jorge<\/em> encalla frente a las costas de Uruguay, derramando al mar una parte importante de las 80.000 toneladas de hidrocarburos que portaba en sus tanques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1997<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    En enero de este a\u00f1o, cinco millones de litros de combustible muy denso fueron vertidos en el mar del Jap\u00f3n por un petrolero ruso, trat\u00e1ndose de la mayor cat\u00e1strofe de este tipo en esa regi\u00f3n en 20 a\u00f1os. La costa occidental del Jap\u00f3n qued\u00f3 cubierta por densas manchas en cientos de kil\u00f3metros, causando graves da\u00f1os a la industria pesquera, reservas naturales, playas, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1999<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    El 12 de diciembre, el petrolero Erika,<\/em> de bandera de Malta, cargado con 31.000 toneladas de combustible diesel-oil pesado del n\u00ba 2, se hunde frente a las costas de Breta\u00f1a (Francia), provocando un gran desastre ecol\u00f3gico al derramar entre 7.000 y 10.000 toneladas de sus tanques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"
    Hundimiento del petrolero Erika<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    El d\u00eda anterior, el buque navegaba en traves\u00eda desde Dunkerque (Francia) a Livorno (Italia), cuando unas condiciones meteorol\u00f3gicas extremas, con olas de 6 metros y vientos fuerza 8 a 9, obligaron al capit\u00e1n a enviar una se\u00f1al de alerta informando sobre su cr\u00edtica situaci\u00f3n. A las seis de la ma\u00f1ana del d\u00eda 12 el buque amenazaba con partirse, por lo que el capit\u00e1n envi\u00f3 una se\u00f1al de socorro para que se procediera a las tareas de salvamento. Finalmente, dos horas despu\u00e9s el buque se parte en dos, la secci\u00f3n de proa se hunde y la de popa es remolcada hasta que tambi\u00e9n termina por hundirse a 6 millas de distancia, a unas 30 millas al sur de la punta Penmarch (Breta\u00f1a francesa).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    La marea negra que se gener\u00f3 alcanz\u00f3 y devast\u00f3 los recursos naturales a lo largo de unos 420 km. de costa, adem\u00e1s de sectores econ\u00f3micos clave de esa regi\u00f3n, como el turismo o la pesca. La fauna qued\u00f3 seriamente afectada, consider\u00e1ndose como la mayor cat\u00e1strofe ornitol\u00f3gica sucedida en toda la zona del litoral atl\u00e1ntico; se estima que ocasion\u00f3 la muerte de entre 100.000 y 300.000 aves, entre las que destacan aves pel\u00e1gicas como el alcatraz, pa\u00ed\u00f1o, frailecillo…; aves costeras como el somormujo, negr\u00f3n, correlimos, serreta mediana…; o aves de estuario como la garceta o mart\u00edn pescador. Esta cat\u00e1strofe dio lugar a una serie de medidas por parte de la Comisi\u00f3n Europea, las cuales se vieron reforzadas dos a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s con la nueva cat\u00e1strofe del Prestige<\/em> en la Costa de la Muerte, en A Coru\u00f1a, Espa\u00f1a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    El 15 de enero de 1999, el \u00abEstrella Pampeana\u00bb derrama en Magdalena – R\u00edo de la Plata (Argentina) 5.400.000 litros de petr\u00f3leo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2000<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    El 3 de octubre, el petrolero paname\u00f1o Natuna Sea<\/em> derrama unas 7.000 toneladas de crudo frente al estrecho de Singapur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    En agosto, 40 Km. de costa espa\u00f1ola entre Estepona (M\u00e1laga) y La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n (C\u00e1diz), quedaron contaminadas por una gran mancha de alquitr\u00e1n. Veinticinco playas quedaron afectadas. No se pudo determinar la procedencia, y las autoridades atribuyeron el vertido a alg\u00fan buque en tr\u00e1nsito por el Estrecho que achic\u00f3 sus tanques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"
    \u00cdndice Contaminaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    1996 El 15 de febrero, el petrolero de Liberia Sea Empress embarranca en la costa SO de Gales, derramando 70.000 toneladas de crudo. El 2 de enero, naufraga a causa del temporal a unas 90 millas de la isla japonesa de Oki, en el mar del Jap\u00f3n, el petrolero ruso Najodka, que portaba…<\/p>\n

    Seguir leyendo…<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":-1,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[120,32,125,121,126,38],"class_list":["post-574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-contaminacion","tag-contaminacion","tag-historia","tag-mareas","tag-marina","tag-negras","tag-parte"],"yoast_head":"\nCONTAMINACI\u00d3N \u2013 MARINA \u2013 HISTORIA DE LAS MAREAS NEGRAS \u2013 6\u00aa PARTE - Aula de Naturaleza educativa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/aula\/contaminacion-marina-historia-de-las-mareas-negras-6a-parte\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CONTAMINACI\u00d3N \u2013 MARINA \u2013 HISTORIA DE LAS MAREAS NEGRAS \u2013 6\u00aa PARTE - Aula de Naturaleza educativa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1996 El 15 de febrero, el petrolero de Liberia Sea Empress embarranca en la costa SO de Gales, derramando 70.000 toneladas de crudo. 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El 2 de enero, naufraga a causa del temporal a unas 90 millas de la isla japonesa de Oki, en el mar del Jap\u00f3n, el petrolero ruso Najodka, que portaba... 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