{"id":507,"date":"2021-11-27T11:34:48","date_gmt":"2021-11-27T11:34:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/aula\/?p=507"},"modified":"2021-12-01T15:29:10","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T15:29:10","slug":"ecologia-general-el-medio-terrestre-3a-parte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/aula\/ecologia-general-el-medio-terrestre-3a-parte\/","title":{"rendered":"ECOLOG\u00cdA GENERAL – EL MEDIO TERRESTRE – 3\u00aa PARTE"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTabla de contenidos\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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  1. El bosque templado caducifolio<\/a>
  2. El bosque escler\u00f3filo (bosque mediterr\u00e1neo, seco o durisilva)<\/a>
  3. El bosque tropical, selva tropical o pluvisilva<\/a>
  4. Otras formaciones<\/a><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n

    El bosque templado caducifolio<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Son formaciones caracter\u00edsticas de las zonas templado-h\u00famedas. Mantienen lluvias repartidas durante el a\u00f1o, entre 750 y 1500 mm.\/a\u00f1o, con estaciones muy marcadas. Su situaci\u00f3n en latitud por debajo de la taiga, en Europa central, este de Norteam\u00e9rica, Jap\u00f3n y China. La formaci\u00f3n es a base de frondosas (\u00e1rboles caducifolios) como hayas (Fagus<\/em> y notophagus<\/em>), robles (Quercus<\/em> robur<\/em> y Q.<\/em> alba<\/em>), arces, casta\u00f1os, nogales y tilos; en el oto\u00f1o originan gran cantidad de hojarasca que entran en r\u00e1pida descomposici\u00f3n y humificaci\u00f3n, debido, sobre todo, a la abundante fauna ed\u00e1fica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"
    Bosque templado caducifolio<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    De los restos de la vegetaci\u00f3n se alimenta una fauna de insectos xil\u00f3fagos y fit\u00f3fagos muy importante en n\u00famero, integrados por cole\u00f3pteros, lepid\u00f3pteros e himen\u00f3pteros. La fauna es muy diversa destacando el corzo, ciervo, lobo, zorro, oso, jabal\u00ed, tej\u00f3n, comadreja, ardilla, lir\u00f3n, musara\u00f1a, rat\u00f3n, y topillo; En los troncos habitan aves trogloditas como los picamaderos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    El bosque escler\u00f3filo (bosque mediterr\u00e1neo, seco o durisilva)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Caracterizado por el clima mediterr\u00e1neo (inviernos fr\u00edos y h\u00famedos y veranos c\u00e1lidos y secos). Est\u00e1 situado en latitudes entre 30\u00ba y 40\u00ba tanto al norte como al sur en diversas partes del planeta. Son t\u00edpicos los pinos, encinas, robles, alcornoques y eucaliptos. Suelen presentar vegetaciones le\u00f1osas adaptadas para evitar la evaporaci\u00f3n, debido a las circunstancias del clima. Actualmente muestran una destrucci\u00f3n palpable, dominando el paisaje las etapas sustitutivas de matorrales; \u00e9stos reciben distintos nombres seg\u00fan la zona: coscojar<\/em>, garriga<\/em> o maquia<\/em> en la Mediterr\u00e1nea; chaparral<\/em> en M\u00e9xico y California; melle<\/em> scrub<\/em> en el sur de Australia. En Chile y \u00c1frica tambi\u00e9n existen algunas formaciones de este tipo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"
    Bosque mediterr\u00e1neo<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    La fauna m\u00e1s representativa la ostentan el lobo, lince, zorro, jabal\u00ed, jineta, tur\u00f3n, gamo, ciervo, conejo, erizo y meloncillo. Por su parte, las especies herpetol\u00f3gicas son muy amplias y variadas, destacando los lagartos, lagartijas, culebras, tortugas y geckos.  Entre las aves abundan las rapaces como las \u00e1guilas, buitres y milanos, adem\u00e1s de insect\u00edvoras y gran\u00edvoras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    El bosque tropical, selva tropical o pluvisilva<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Estas formaciones a\u00fan ocupan grandes extensiones en el ecuador y lim\u00edtrofes, Am\u00e9rica del Sur, \u00c1frica Central y Asia Sudoriental. Su caracter\u00edstica m\u00e1s peculiar es la precipitaci\u00f3n superior a 2000 mm.\/a\u00f1o, con grandes aguaceros diurnos y repartidos en todas las \u00e9pocas. Aqu\u00ed existe un alto riesgo de erosi\u00f3n y p\u00e9rdida de la cubierta vegetal, debido al intensivo lavado del sustrato y laterizaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"
    Bosque tropical<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    El sotobosque es de tipo arbustivo y herb\u00e1ceo, generalmente pobre y muy umbroso, proliferan las lianas, ep\u00edfitas y par\u00e1sitas. La competencia por la luz es un par\u00e1metro com\u00fan. Las especies arb\u00f3reas (con varios niveles de estratificaci\u00f3n) son muy abundantes, pero representados por pocos individuos, ya que no suelen encontrarse juntos \u00e1rboles de la misma especie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    La fauna es muy variada y se encuentra estratificada en paralelo a la vegetaci\u00f3n; predominan las especies de h\u00e1bitos nocturnos y arbor\u00edcolas como los simios, ardillas voladoras, lem\u00faridos, perezosos, jaguares, zarig\u00fceyas, okapis (\u00fanicamente en el Zaire), p\u00e9caris, hipop\u00f3tamos enanos, papagayos, tucanes, boas y pitones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Otras formaciones<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Otras variantes de las formaciones generales son la: jungla<\/em> (Asia) de bamb\u00faes y palmeras espinosas; selva<\/em> monz\u00f3nica<\/em> (Asia) caracterizado por tener una estaci\u00f3n de lluvias fija, y manglares <\/em>(\u00c1frica y Am\u00e9rica) de litorales marinos fluviales y lacustres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"
    Manglares de Sudam\u00e9rica<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"
    \u00cdndice Ecolog\u00eda<\/span><\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    El bosque templado caducifolio Son formaciones caracter\u00edsticas de las zonas templado-h\u00famedas. Mantienen lluvias repartidas durante el a\u00f1o, entre 750 y 1500 mm.\/a\u00f1o, con estaciones muy marcadas. Su situaci\u00f3n en latitud por debajo de la taiga, en Europa central, este de Norteam\u00e9rica, Jap\u00f3n y China. La formaci\u00f3n es a base de…<\/p>\n

    Seguir leyendo…<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":-1,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[4,5,54,38,101],"class_list":["post-507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ecologia","tag-ecologia","tag-general","tag-medio","tag-parte","tag-terrestre"],"yoast_head":"\nECOLOG\u00cdA GENERAL - EL MEDIO TERRESTRE - 3\u00aa PARTE - Aula de Naturaleza educativa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/natureduca.com\/aula\/ecologia-general-el-medio-terrestre-3a-parte\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ECOLOG\u00cdA GENERAL - EL MEDIO TERRESTRE - 3\u00aa PARTE - Aula de Naturaleza educativa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El bosque templado caducifolio Son formaciones caracter\u00edsticas de las zonas templado-h\u00famedas. 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Mantienen lluvias repartidas durante el a\u00f1o, entre 750 y 1500 mm.\/a\u00f1o, con estaciones muy marcadas. Su situaci\u00f3n en latitud por debajo de la taiga, en Europa central, este de Norteam\u00e9rica, Jap\u00f3n y China. La formaci\u00f3n es a base de... 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